Three out of four doctors would prescribe marijuana, survey finds

source: Business Journal (Puget Sound)

Valerie Bauman

Staff Writer- Puget Sound Business Journal

 Three quarters of the world's doctors would prescribe marijuana under certain circumstances, according to a new survey by The New England Journal of Medicine.

The journal presented 1,446 physicians in 72 countries with the case study of Marilyn, a 68-year-old woman with metastatic breast cancer. Opposing expert viewpoints were presented to the doctors, including one that argued marijuana should be used only when other options fail, and another saying there was “little scientific basis” to endorse marijuana for therapy.
In the case of Marilyn, the cancer had spread to her lungs and thoracic and lumbar spine. She was undergoing chemotherapy and had substantial pain and nausea that other drugs (including opiates) hadn’t relieved.

Among the doctors surveyed worldwide, 76 percent said they would prescribe marijuana. The same percentage also applied for North America. But support for medical marijuana varied significantly by region, from 1 percent of the Utah doctors surveyed, to 96 percent of their counterparts in Pennsylvania.

The journal’s overall conclusion was that physicians want more research to move the discussion forward with solid evidence. Of the 1,446 doctors surveyed, more than 1,000 were from the U.S., Canada and Mexico.

How to approach and discuss to your Doctor, the medicinal use of cannabis

 

New Marijuana Studies:

• Cannabis May Prevent Organ Transplants From Being Rejected

• Scientists Discover Another Way Marijuana Helps The Brain Grow

• Spanish Scientist "Cannabis Kills Cancer Cells"

Cannabis health studies completed

 C

CANCER - BREAST
CANCER - CERVICA
CANCER - COLORECTAL
CANCER - GLIOMA/BRAIN
CANCER - LEUKEMIA
CANCER - LUNG
CANCER - LYMPHOMA
CANCER - MELANOMA
CANCER - ORAL
CANCER - PANCREATIC
CANCER - PROSTATE
CANCER - RISK CANNABIS VS TOBACCO
CANCER - SKIN
CANCER - TESTICULAR
CANCER - THYROID
CANCER - VARIOUS/ UNNAMED
CANNABICHROMENE
CANNABIDIOL/ CBD
CANNADOR - a plant extract in pill form
CARDIOVASCULAR - see HEART DISEASE
CESAMET - see NABILONE
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
CHEMOTHERAPY
CHILDREN - YOUNG ADULTS
CHRONIC CYSTITIS
COGNATIVE EFFECTS / IQ/MEMORY
COLITIS
COPD
COUGH
CP 7497 - a synthetic cannabinoid
CROHN'S - IBS - ULCERATIVE COLITIS
CRUETZFELDT - JACOB DISEASE- see MAD COW DISEASE
CT-3 - a synthetic cannabinoid

Cannabis Kills Cancer Cells

source: Las Vegas Guardian Express
by Brucella Newman

Marijuana also found to prevent pain associated with chemotherapy

 

Studies in Spain have shown findings that Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active ingredient found in marijuana, can induce the death of brain cancer cells, according to scientist
Guillermo Velasco
Phone: 34-913944668
Fax: 34-913944672
E-mail: gvd@bbm1.ucm.es. and his research team from the School of Biology at Complutense University in Madrid.

In a laboratory study where mice were “engineered” to carry three varying kinds of human cancer tumor grafts, THC was introduced into the brain, triggering a self-digestion development on a cellular level, known as “autophagy.” Within this process, the research team managed to isolate the particular activation route from which this process evolved.

The research team was also conducting clinical trials in concert, on two consenting brain cancer patients, said to be suffering from a rapidly aggressive form of cancer, known as “recurrent glioblastoma multiforme.”

The team, using electron microscopes to analyze brain tissue extracted before and after the 26 to 30-day regime, found that the THC had eradicated cancer cells, leaving the healthy cells undamaged.
The findings can now lend themselves to future design in newer cancer therapies, using the concept of autophagy activation.

While the co-director of the Comprehensive Brain Tumor Program at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, Dr. John S. Yu responded that the findings were “not surprising” and definitely worth further study, he still advised people not to run out and roll a joint to treat themselves for brain cancer.

In the meantime, another study from Temple University’s School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia also suggests that there is a chemical element of the marijuana plant that could “prevent the onset of pain associated with drugs used in chemotherapy,” says a report published in the medical journal, Anesthesia and Analgesia.

Sara Jane Ward, Research Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Associate Professor of Substance Abuse at Temple University, spoke of research carried out on animals with cannabidiol, the second most active chemical contained in the marijuana plant, after THC.

Said Ward of the findings, “…Cannabidiol completely prevented the onset of the neuropathic or nerve pain caused by the chemo drug Paclitaxel, which is used to treat breast cancer.”  Without generating any mind-altering outcomes, euphoria or increased appetite, Ward concluded that, “Cannabidiol has the therapeutic qualities of marijuana but not the side effects.”  Similar to tests with THC, cannabidiol was also found to decrease tumor activity in animal testing, making it more likely to generate as effective an outcome in the treatment of breast cancer, particularly when used in combination therapy, with Paclitaxel.

Ward initially became interested in this study after learning about the debilitating neuropathic pain induced by certain chemotherapy treatments, particularly of those administered for the treatment of breast cancer.  Because of the success of the studies, which are ongoing, Ward believes that this has facilitated further clinical trials in the US on cannabidiol and its effects for the treatment of a range of ailments, from cannabis addiction, eating disorders and schizophrenia.

The European Neuropsychopharmacology Journal has also published a study, confirming the positive effects of THC on negative stimuli and depression, according to a report in the Daily Mail.  The Mail reports the study’s argument that marijuana may now be touted as a cure for depression and a variety of other mental ailments.  With marijuana-derivative treatments being prescribed for a variety of cancer treatments, pain killers and depression, will there be such a heavy need in the future for what we know as conventional drugs?  What lies ahead for the future of the pharmaceutical companies? Will they be joining the gravy train?

With a multi-million dollar distribution patent deal being reportedly signed today between CanChew Biotechnologies, a hemp-derived gum company and a Swiss-based distributor for nutraceutical products in Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), it appears to be a growing trend for companies to sprout up (no pun intended) and jump on the cannabis bandwagon, particularly with talks abounding across the globe and for calls from various organizations to legalize cannabis.

The marijuana industry is predicted to reach a US $9 billion per year valuation by the year 2017.

Written by: Brucella Newman
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Cannabis Research Index

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D.C. government program to subsidize pot for poor patients

source: Washington Times
By Celina Durgin

An unprecedented D.C. government program will require medical marijuana dispensaries to put aside 2 percent of their profits in order to subsidize pot purchases for poor patients.

Under the proposed rule, which was published in the D.C. Register last week and is in the midst of a 30-day review period, dispensaries will give at least a 20 percent discount on marijuana to low-income people at or below 200 percent of the federal poverty level.

Clinics often offer discounts to poor patients, and other states mention low-income provisions in medical marijuana legislation. But Allen St. Pierre, executive director of the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws, said no other states have inserted this type of provision into regulations.

“This rule is totally unprecedented in the medical marijuana community,” he said.

Medical marijuana sales in the District began last month at the Capital City Care clinic. Prices for marijuana range between $380-$440 per ounce, according to the clinic’s website.

The sliding scale program is intended to improve access to medical marijuana for the poor, which potentially comprise a large percentage of marijuana consumers. Often, marijuana patients do not hold full-time jobs due to the nature of their illnesses that qualify them to use pot medically, analysts say. Medical marijuana cards issued to patients indicate whether they are low-income and eligible for discounts on the drug.

City officials in March proposed a subsidy program in which dispensaries would pay into a city-operated fund, but that proposal was amended. Under the new rule, dispensaries would have to reserve funds themselves to ensure that the discounts they give amount to 2 percent of their income. The city will audit the fund annually and can adjust the percentage of their profits that dispensaries have to reserve for subsidies.

It is not clear when the rule, which will be implemented administratively, will take effect.

Follow us: @washtimes on Twitter

Federal Drug Agency Admits It's Clueless About Marijuana

Source: Huffington Post
By Robin Wilkey

Federal Drug Agency Denies Marijuana Is Less Toxic Than Alcohol

 

The National Institute on Drug Abuse released an eyebrow-raising statement to PolitiFact on Monday, denying that marijuana is less toxic than alcohol.

"Claiming that marijuana is less toxic than alcohol cannot be substantiated since each possess their own unique set of risks and consequences for a given individual," wrote the institute. NIDA, part of the National Institutes of Health, funds government-backed scientific research and has a stated mission "to lead the nation in bringing the power of science to bear on drug abuse and addiction."

The statement was in response to a declaration by the pro-pot policy group Marijuana Policy Project that marijuana is less harmful than alcohol –- a claim that was the centerpiece of a controversial pro-marijuana commercial aired during a NASCAR race last month.

PolitiFact took the claim to task, comparing marijuana-related deaths to alcohol-related deaths and toxicity levels of the two substances.

As noted by PolitiFact, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics reported 41,682 alcohol-related deaths in 2010. The center had no reports listing marijuana as a cause of death.

PolitiFact also noted a study by Robert Gable, an emeritus professor of psychology at Claremont Graduate University, that measured the toxicity levels of substances ranging from heroin to marijuana.

 The study showed that "marijuana is about 100 times safer than alcohol or cocaine."

PolitiFact noted that evidence surrounding the long-term effects of marijuana use is murky. Still, the fact-checker ruled the claim that marijuana is less toxic than alcohol "mostly true."

Cannabis Research Completed

Medical Benefits

 

Cannabis Research A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Loading Seed Bank Index Get this Widget

I took cannabis as a student, says UK's top medic

Source: Express
By: Jaya Sisodia

Chief medical officer Prof Dame Sally Davies yesterday admitted eating hash cookies at university in the 1970s.

She also told BBC Radio 3’s Private Passions programme that drug addiction should be treated as a medical issue rather than a criminal one.

Speaking of her university days in the early 1970s, she said: “I never smoked, so I couldn’t smoke joints, but I did have some cookies.”

Dame Sally said she had them “three or four times” but added: “One time I had hallucinations and I’ve never touched it since.”

The 63-year-old added: “I understood though that what my father said to me when I told him I was going to try it.

“He said, ‘Drugs decivilise you, you stop being a civilised person’. And I understood why so many people were against even the soft drugs.

“Addiction is a medical problem, and it becomes a public health problem. And then our society is choosing to treat that as a criminal justice issue.”

She also spoke of the time when, as a young doctor, she “shocked” colleagues by hugging a dying patient.

Dame Sally, who lost her second husband to leukaemia in 1982, said she had watched people die and realised how important physical contact was. She added: “I’ve watched people die, and realised how important physical touch is as we depart this world.”

Dame Sally was recently named as one of the top 10 most powerful women in the country by BBC Radio 4’s Woman’s Hour.

She earlier this year criticised Government policy of “criminalising” all people who take illegal drugs and said they should be treated primarily as if they have a “health problem”.

A Department of Health spokesman said: “Drugs ruin lives and cause misery to families and this Government is committed to breaking the cycle of drug dependency.

“The UK approach is to consider drug use as both a health and criminal issue and so the CMO is not saying anything new.”

How to Make Cannamilk

 source: Weedlist

 

Here’s What You Need:

• 7 cups of whole milk (not low-fat)
• 3 cups of heavy whipping cream (there is also just “whipping cream”– opt for the heavy)
• ¼ oz. – ½ oz. of cannabis (this amount will vary based on the potency of your bud and if you’re using flowers or leaves etc. Cannamilk tends to fall on the strong side, so it may behoove you to start with less and increase your next batch if you need more.)
• Medium sauce pan
• Stainless steel mixing bowl (this bowl should be big enough to contain all the ingredients while still leaving a little room to stir without spilling. It also needs to be able to sit stably on top of the sauce pan.)
• Whisk or mixing spoon
• Cheese cloth or terry cloth (coffee filters will work in a pinch)

How to Make Cannamilk:

Cooking: put several inches of water in your sauce pan (not so much that it would touch the bottom of the steel bowl) and bring to a slight boil.

While your water is heating up, combine the milk, cream, and cannabis in the steel bowl and stir/whisk the ingredients together well.

The water should be close to a boil by now, reduce it to a simmer and place your steel bowl on top of the sauce pan. In the cooking world, we call this a bain marie. Effectively, you are using the water in the sauce pan as a heat buffer. The steam will rise and touch the bottom of the steel bowl and your cannamilk will heat evenly and be able to reach the nice high temperature needed to properly decarboxylate without the risk of scalding or curdling your dairy products. Some cannamilk recipes out there just have you heating the cannamilk directly in the pan. This is technically a viable approach, but requires much more babysitting. You have to stir it non-stop or it will burn on the bottom, or worse, start to curdle. Accidentally heat-curdled dairy doesn’t really go down well, even with cannabis infused.

Once all your ingredients are in the bowl and it’s resting comfortably atop the sauce pan, hang close by for a bit and give your cannamilk a stir here and there. Check the water a few times, too, sometimes the bowl will act like a lid containing heat and you may inadvertently return to a full boil even without increasing the heat of the stove. What you’re looking for here is slightly simmering water.  You want it to be hot enough to put off a good steady steam, but not reach a boil. [HIGHER HEAT DOES NOT LEAD TO MORE POTENT CANNAMILK, JUST RUINED MILK AND WASTED WEED!].

After you’re pretty certain that your cannamilk is properly heating, just let it cook! At a minimum, allow at least 30 minutes of steeping time. On the maximum end, I would say no longer than about 3 hours. At some point, there is no more THC that will come out of the cannabis and you’re just cooking plant matter beyond its useful range.

If enough time has passed, remove the bowl from the bain marie and strain the mixture through the cheese cloth (or whatever you have) to filter out the plant matter.

Cool it in the fridge and use to your heart’s desire!

Again, cannamilk tends to be on the rather strong side, so start small!

A note on using whole milk/cream: THC needs to bind with fat. Using a lower fat milk will result in wasted bud, you can cook it just like the recipe says, but without high fat content, you will not get the full bang your bud can deliver. This is why I add heavy whipping cream to the mix, it gives a nice boost of fat for the THC to completely bond. You can also use just heavy whipping cream, but I like to mix it with whole milk as heavy whipping cream is more viscous and can lead to complications in other dishes that require a little bit more aqueous cannamilk.

Cool note: I have seen cannamilk made and then frozen in a standard ice cube tray. This is a great way to both titrate your dosage amount and prevent food spoilage. While your bud might not “go bad,” dairy products most certainly will!

 

Dr. Sanjay Gupta's pot confessional gets global headlines

Source: CNN Health
By Jen Christensen, CNN

CNN chief medical correspondent Dr. Sanjay Gupta spent a year traveling around the world to shed light on the debate about marijuana. Catch his groundbreaking documentary "WEED" at 8 p.m. ET Sunday on CNN.

(CNN) -- It was the pot story read around the world.

Dr. Sanjay Gupta is used to making headlines. The brain surgeon and CNN's chief medical correspondent can't even leave his office and walk through CNN Center without tour groups stopping him to take his picture or compliment his work. But this time the intensity of interest in a story he wrote for CNN.com about how he changed his mind about the effectiveness of medical marijuana was something even he didn't anticipate.

"The attention has been pretty intense, and I was a little surprised," Gupta said. "I know it's a provocative topic, but the science is there to back it up."

More than 330,000 people shared the story on Facebook, and it started to trend on Twitter. His column inspired pot jokes as well as thoughtful conversations in publications around the world.

 

 Dr. Gupta: I was wrong about weed

 

Gupta: I misled the public about weed

 

Gupta: Weed can be safer than narcotics

 

Vanity Fair referred to him as the "Dr. Phil of actual licensed physicians." The Los Angeles Times said it wouldn't go so far as to call him Dr. "Feelgood" but remarked about his change of heart. The Washington gossip site Wonkette posted a story with the headline, "When you've lost Sanjay Gupta you've lost America: Sanjay Gupta wants to get 'high' on the pot like a common jazz criminal." Even the usually sober Washington Post used its piece as a jumping-off point to ask, "Is pot the new gay marriage?" Some polls show more than half of all Americans now support both same-sex marriage and marijuana.

While the majority of Americans may share his opinion, Gupta said the medical community has been a little slower to embrace it.

"I understand there is concern that if you legalize it, kids will use it recreationally, and I don't want young people to do that, but our concern for their safety shouldn't keep patients who need this from getting access," Gupta said.

After his article appeared Thursday, Gupta said he received calls and e-mails from people from all walks of life who were grateful he started the conversation.

Doctors, judges, politicians and clergy got in touch to thank him for speaking up. And of course, he's had to put up with a lot of pot jokes. But he called it an important message more people need to hear.

"I guess I've tapped into something that hit at the right time," Gupta said. "That, or it was a really slow news day."

THCeeker: Editor's Note. I watched this show last night with great anticipation. Having indexed cannabis studies for a website, I already was aware of everything Gupta addressed. What made this great was his apology for misleading the public in the past. As a professional he delivered on what most doctors fail to do...the research.

 Included in this article I have listed all the research I could muster on the some topics that Gupta covered in the CNN video "WEEDS"

Watch Weeds...Full

EPILEPSY/ SEIZURES & Cannabis studies completed

Undated - Anecdotal ~ Marijuana and Epilepsy.

1949 - Study ~ Anti-epileptic Action of Marijuana-Active Substances.

1975 - Study - Anticonvulsant nature of marihuana smoking.
1975 - Study ~ Antiepileptic and prophylactic effects of tetrahydrocannabinols in amygdaloid kindled cats.
1975 - Study ~ Anticonvulsant activity of four oxygenated cannabidiol derivatives.
1975 - Study ~ Epileptiform seizures in domestic fowl. V. The anticonvulsant activity of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol.
1976 - Study ~ Anticonvulsant activity of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol compared with three other drugs.
1977 - Study ~ Cannabidiol--antiepileptic drug comparisons and interactions in experimentally induced seizures in rats.
1978 - Study ~ Anticonvulsant Action of Cannabis in the Rat: Role of Brain Monoamines.

1980 - Study - Chronic administration of cannabidiol to healthy volunteers and epileptic patients.
1981 - Study - Hypnotic and Antiepileptic Effects of Cannabidiol.
1981 - Study ~ Antiepileptic potential of cannabidiol analogs.
1981 - Study ~ The cannabinoids as potential antiepileptics.
1982 - Study ~ Anticonvulsant effects of the (-) and (+)isomers of cannabidiol and their dimethylheptyl homologs.
1982 - Study ~ Effects of cannabidiol on behavioral seizures caused by convulsant drugs or current in mice.
1990 - Study ~ ILLICIT DRUG USE AND THE RISK OF NEW-ONSET SEIZURES.
1992 - Study ~ Marijuana use and the risk of new onset seizures.
1999 - Study - Therapeutic Aspects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids.
2001 - Study ~ Anticonvulsant activity of N-palmitoylethanolamide, a putative endocannabinoid, in mice.
2001 - Study ~ Alcohol and marijuana: effects on epilepsy and use by patients with epilepsy.
2003 - Study ~ The Endogenous Cannabinoid System Regulates Seizure Frequency and Duration in a Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.
2003 - Study ~ On the application of cannabis in paediatrics and epileptology.


2003 - Study - Experiences with THC-treatment in children and adolescents.


2003 - Article - Marijuana and Epilepsy.
2003 - News - Marijuana Use More Prevalent With Epilepsy.
2003 - News - Cannabis may help epileptics.
2004 - Study - Endocannabinoids and Their Implications for Epileps.
2004 - Study ~ Cannabinoids: Defending the Epileptic Brain.
2004 - Study ~ Marijuana use and epilepsy - Prevalence in patients of a tertiary care epilepsy center.
2004 - News - Epilepsy patients are smoking pot.
2005 - Study ~ Selective antiepileptic effects of N-palmitoylethanolamide, a putative endocannabinoid.
2005 - Study - Treatment with CBD in oily solution of drug-resistant paediatric epilepsies.
2005 - Study ~ Cannabinoids as potential anti-epileptic drugs.
2006 - Study ~ Not Too Excited? Thank Your Endocannabinoids.
2006 - Study ~ Forebrain-Specific Inactivation of Gq/G11 Family G Proteins Results in Age-Dependent Epilepsy and Impaired Endocannabinoid Formation.
2006 - Study ~ The Endocannabinoid System Controls Key Epileptogenic Circuits in the Hippocampus.
2006 - Study ~ Cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists cause status epilepticus-like activity in the hippocampal neuronal culture model of acquired epilepsy.
2006 - Study ~ Activation of the Cannabinoid Type-1 Receptor Mediates the Anticonvulsant Properties of Cannabinoids in the Hippocampal Neuronal Culture Models of Acquired Epilepsy and Status Epilepticus.
2006 - Study ~ Cannabinoids In Medicine: A Review Of Their Therapeutic Potential.
2006 - Study ~ Arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide, a highly selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist, enhances the anticonvulsant action of valproate in the mouse maximal electroshock-induced seizure model.
2006 - News ~ Brain's Cannabinoid System 'Mellows' Seizures.
2006 - News ~ Brain's cannabinoid system fights seizures.


2007 - Study - Marijuana: an effective antiepileptic treatment in partial epilepsy?
2007 - Study ~ Development of pharmacoresistance to benzodiazepines but not cannabinoids in the hippocampal neuronal culture model of status epilepticus.
2007 - Study ~ Endocannabinoids block status epilepticus in cultured hippocampal neurons.
2007 - Study ~ Downregulation of the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor and Related Molecular Elements of the Endocannabinoid System in Epileptic Human Hippocampus.
2007 - Study ~ Ultra-low dose cannabinoid antagonist AM251 enhances cannabinoid anticonvulsant effects in the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in mice.
2007 - News ~ Rimonabant: safety issues.
2008 - Study ~ The phytocannabinoid Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabivarin modulates inhibitory neurotransmission in the cerebellum.
2008 - Study ~ The cannabinoid anticonvulsant effect on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure is potentiated by ultra-low dose naltrexone in mice.
2009 - Study ~ The effects of intracerebroventricular AM-251, a CB1-receptor antagonist, and ACEA, a CB1-receptor agonist, on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rats.
2009 - Study ~ Prolonged exposure to WIN55,212-2 causes downregulation of the CB1 receptor and the development of tolerance to its anticonvulsant effects in the hippocampal neuronal culture model of acquired epilepsy.
2009 - Study ~ Effect of arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide, a selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist, on the protective action of the various antiepileptic drugs in the mouse maximal electroshock-induced seizure model.
2009 - Study ~ Involvement of nitrergic system in the anticonvulsant effect of the cannabinoid CB(1) agonist ACEA in the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in mice.
2009 - News ~ Medical Marijuana and Epilepsy.
2010 - Study ~ Cannabidiol Displays Antiepileptiform and Antiseizure Properties In Vitro and In Vivo.
2010 - Study ~ Cannabinoid-mediated inhibition of recurrent excitatory circuitry in the dentate gyrus in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy.
2010 - Study ~ AAV vector-mediated overexpression of CB1 cannabinoid receptor in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus protects against seizure-induced excitoxicity.
2010 - Study ~ Delta-Tetrahydrocannabivarin suppresses in vitro epileptiform and in vivo seizure activity in adult rats.
2010 - Study ~ Anticonvulsant effects of GWP42006 in vitro and in vivo in rat.
2010 - Study ~ Dynamic changes of CB1-receptor expression in hippocampi of epileptic mice and humans.
2011 - Study ~ Endocannabinoid system protects against cryptogenic seizures.
2011 - Study ~ Convulsions Associated with the Use of a Synthetic Cannabinoid Product.
2011 - Study ~ Pro-epileptic effects of the cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR141716 in a model of audiogenic epilepsy.
2011 - Study ~ Synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 mesylate enhances the protective action of four classical antiepileptic drugs against maximal electroshock-induced seizures in mice.
2011 - Study ~ Protective effects of CB1 receptor agonist WIN 55.212-2 in seizure activity in the model of temporal lobe epilepsy.
2011 - Study ~ L-Type Calcium Channel Mediates Anticonvulsant Effect of Cannabinoids in Acute and Chronic Murine Models of Seizure.
2011 - Study ~ Changes in the cannabinoid (CB1) receptor expression level and G-protein activation in kainic acid induced seizures.
2011 - Study ~ Marijuana, endocannabinoids, and epilepsy: Potential and challenges for improved therapeutic intervention.
2011 - News ~ Cannabis could help treat epilepsy.
2011 - News ~ Cannabis could be used to treat epilepsy.
2011 - News ~ New research provides hope for those with epilepsy.
2012 - Patent Application ~ Use of the phytocannabinoid cannabidivarin (cbdv) in the treatment of epilepsy: Patent Application 20120004251
2012 - Study ~ Inverse relationship of cannabimimetic (R+)WIN 55, 212 on behavior and seizure threshold during the juvenile period.
2012 - Study ~ Equipotent Inhibition of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase and Monoacylglycerol Lipase - Dual Targets of the Endocannabinoid System to Protect against Seizure Pathology.
2012 - Study ~ Epileptiform activity in the CA1 region of the hippocampus becomes refractory to attenuation by cannabinoids in part because of endogenous γ-aminobutyric acid type B receptor activity.
2012 - Study ~ Cannabidiol for neurodegenerative disorders: important new clinical applications for this phytocannabinoid?
2012 - Study ~ Statistical parametric mapping reveals regional alterations in cannabinoid CB1 receptor distribution and G-protein activation in the 3D reconstructed epileptic rat brain.
2012 - Study ~ Cannabidiol exerts anti-convulsant effects in animal models of temporal lobe and partial seizures.
2012 - Study ~ Internet Highs-Seizures After Consumption of Synthetic Cannabinoids Purchased Online.
2012 - Study ~ Cannabinoid receptor 1 inhibition causes seizures during anesthesia induction in experimental sepsis.
2012 - Study ~ Effect of ACEA-a selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist on the protective action of different antiepileptic drugs in the mouse pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure model.
2012 - Study ~ Hammer Head' 'incense' blamed for seizure of youth in Le Roy.

Epilepsy Hardcover Books

Scientists Discover Another Way Marijuana Helps The Brain Grow

Source: Truth on Pot

 Canadian researchers made a groundbreaking discovery that would forever discredit the myth that marijuana causes brain damage. What they found was an opposite effect. That is, THC – the main chemical in marijuana and the reason why users get ‘high’ – can actually cause new brain cells to grow. 

The process of brain growth is called neurogenesis and does not usually improve with drug use. Marijuana use is a different story, explained Xia Zhang, M.D, Ph.D., associate professor at the University of Saskatchewan and lead author of the study:

“Most ‘drugs of abuse’ suppress neurogenesis. Only marijuana promotes neurogenesis.”

Still, THC is not the only chemical found in marijuana and, eight years later, a team from Brazil is giving marijuana users more reason to celebrate. Their study, published in the July issue of The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, shows that cannabidiol (CBD) can help your brain grow too.

Looking to investigate the effects of CBD on anxiety and depression in rodents, the researchers went to the source – a part of the brain called the hippocampus. The hippocampus regulates emotion and cognitive function and is also the only area of the adult brain that can grow.

The hippocampus plays a role in emotion, memory, and learning.

While previous studies have found CBD to have beneficial effects on anxiety and depression, the new study is the first to explain why.

What the scientists found was that CBD, just like THC, also causes brain cells in the hippocampus to grow. This, they say, could explain why previous studies identified CBD as an effective treatment for mood disorders.

“Our results indicate that chronic CBD administration, by promoting neurogenesis, favours a similar anxiolytic response in stressed mice.”

Likewise, other studies have linked depression, anxiety and stress – and even problems with learning and memory – to a lack of adult neurogenesis. Although this can be brought on by frequent substance use (expect for marijuana), neurogenesis also slows down naturally as you age.

But now there is hope, says the team from Brazil. A new understanding of how the brain reacts to CBD, along with other compounds in marijuana, “opens the door for their use to manage psychiatric symptoms in disorders such as ageing, stress and neuroinflammation.”

The study was led by Ismael Galve-Roperh of the Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Universitario de Investigacion en Neuroquımica (IUIN) and Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria (IRYCIS)

COGNATIVE EFFECTS & Cannabis studies completed

1971- Study ~ Marihuana and Memory: Acquisition or Retrieval?
1973- Study - Neuropsychological effects of marijuana.
1974 - Study ~ Marihuana Use and Psychosocial Adaptation.
1976 - Study ~ Operant acquisition of marihuana in man.
1981 - Study ~ Cognition and Long-Term Use of Ganja (Cannabis).
1985 - Study ~ Operant acquisition of marihuana by women.
1991 - Study ~ Flashback Following Use of Cannabis--a Review.
1992 - Study ~ 60- and 72-month follow-up of children prenatally exposed to marijuana, cigarettes, and alcohol: cognitive and language assessment.
1992 - News ~ THREE THINGS MARIJUANA DOESN'T DO.
1998- Study - Cerebellar activity and disturbed time sense after THC.
1999- Study - Cannabis use and cognitive decline in persons under 65 years of age.
1999 - Study ~ Learning impairment produced in rats by the cannabinoid agonist HU 210 in a water-maze task.
1999 - Study ~ Enhancement of Memory in Cannabinoid Cb1 Receptor Knock-out Mice.
2000 - Study ~ Low dose anandamide affects food intake, cognitive function, neurotransmitter and corticosterone levels in diet-restricted mice.
2001 - Study ~ Neuropsychological Performance in Long-term Cannabis Users.
2002- Study - Current and former marijuana use: preliminary findings of a longitudinal study of effects on IQ in young adults.
2002 - Study ~ Cognitive Measures in Long-term Cannabis Users.
2002- News - Heavy cannabis use without long-term effect on global intelligence.
2002- News - Marijuana does not dent IQ permanently.
2003- Study - Non-acute (residual) neurocognitive effects of cannabis use: a meta-analytic study.
2003 - Study ~ CANNABINOIDS ALTER RECOGNITION MEMORY IN RATS.
2003 - News ~ Study: Brain Not Permanently Damaged by Marijuana.
2003 - News ~ Minimal Long-Term Effects Of Marijuana Use Found In Central Nervous System By UCSD Researchers.
2003 - News ~ Heavy Marijuana Use Doesn't Damage Brain.

2004 - Study - Differential Effects of THC or CBD-rich Cannabis Extracts on Working Memory in Rats.
2004- Study - Neurocognitive performance during acute THC intoxication in heavy and occasional cannabis users.
2005 - Study ~ Early age-related cognitive impairment in mice lacking cannabinoid CB1 receptors.

2005- Study - Marijuana Effects On Human Forgetting Functions.
2005 - Study ~ Neurocognitive consequences of marihuana--a comparison with pre-drug performance.
2005 - Study ~ Effects of the endocannabinoid noladin ether on body weight, food consumption, locomotor activity, and cognitive index in mice.
2007 - Study ~ Cannabinoids ameliorate cerebral dysfunction following liver failure via AMP-activated protein kinase.
2007 - Study ~ The synthetic cannabinoid HU210 induces spatial memory deficits and suppresses hippocampal firing rate in rats.
2007 - Study ~ Acute effects of smoked marijuana on decision making, as assessed by a modified gambling task, in experienced marijuana users.
2007 - News ~ Cannabis Intoxication Does Not Adversely Impact Decision Making.
2008 - Study ~ The cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist CE prolongs spatial memory duration in a rat delayed radial arm maze memory task.
2008- Study - Review: executive functioning and cannabis use.
2008 - Study ~ Blunted Psychotomimetic and Amnestic Effects of Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Frequent Users of Cannabis.
2008 - Study ~ Multiple sclerosis, cannabinoids, and cognition.
2008 - Study ~ Neurocognitive performance during acute THC intoxication in heavy and occasional cannabis users.

2009- Study - Is moderate substance use associated with altered executive functioning in a population-based sample of young adults?
2009 - Study ~ Fat-induced satiety factor oleoylethanolamide enhances memory consolidation.
2009 - Study ~ Marijuana Primes, Marijuana Expectancies, and Arithmetic Efficiency.
2009 - Study ~ Endocannabinoids in the rat basolateral amygdala enhance memory consolidation and enable glucocorticoid modulation of memory.
2010- Study - Influence of cannabis use trajectories, grade repetition and family background on the school-dropout rate at the age of 17 years in France.
2010 - Study ~ Cannabidiol ameliorates cognitive and motor impairments in bile-duct ligated mice via 5-HT1A receptor activation.
2010 - Study ~ Evaluating the effect of aquatic extraction of Cannabis sativa seed on spatial memory consolidation.
2010 - Study ~ Evaluating the effect of Cannabis sativa seed extraction on memory.
2010 - Study ~ Impact of cannabidiol on the acute memory and psychotomimetic effects of smoked cannabis: naturalistic study: naturalistic study.
2010 - Study ~ Opposite Effects of Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol on Human Brain Function and Psychopathology.
2010 - News ~ Key ingredient staves off marijuana memory loss.
2010 - News ~ Imbalance of Cannabis ChemicalsCauses Memory Issues.
2010 - News ~ Key ingredient dilutes marijuana's effect on memory.
2010 - News ~ Marijuana May Offset Alcohol-Induced Cognitive Impairment Among Teens.
2011 - Study ~ AM251, cannabinoids receptors ligand, improves recognition memory in rats.
2011 - Study ~ Sex, drugs, and cognition: effects of marijuana.
2011 - Study ~ Sexually dimorphic effects of cannabinoid compounds on emotion and cognition.
2011 - Study ~ Possible involvement of the endocannabinoid system in memory modulation effect of general anesthetics.
2011 - Study ~ Early onset of aging-like changes is restricted to cognitive abilities and skin structure in Cnr1(-/-) mice.
2011 - Study ~ Sub-chronic impact of cannabinoids in street cannabis on cognition, psychotic-like symptoms and psychological well-being.
2011 - Study ~ Combined effects of THC and caffeine on working memory in rats.
2011 - Study ~ The Dopamine and Cannabinoid Interaction in the Modulation of Emotions and Cognition: Assessing the Role of Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor in Neurons Expressing Dopamine D1 Receptors.
2011 - Study ~ Endocannabinoid signaling in the amygdala: anatomy, synaptic signaling, behavior, and adaptations to stress.
2011 - Study ~ Fish oil promotes survival and protects against cognitive decline in severely undernourished mice by normalizing satiety signals.
2011 - Study ~ Pharmacological elevation of anandamide impairs short-term memory by altering the neurophysiology in the hippocampus.
2011 - Study ~ Effects of Chronic Marijuana Use on Brain Activity During Monetary Decision-Making.
2011 - Study ~ US Patent Application 20110257256 - CANNABINOIDS FOR USE IN TREATING OR PREVENTING COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND DEMENTIA.
2011 - Study ~ Memory-rescuing effects of cannabidiol in an animal model of cognitive impairment relevant to neurodegenerative disorders.
2011 - Study ~ Effects of endocannabinoid system modulation on cognitive and emotional behavior.
2011 - Study ~ Clozapine and SCH 23390 prevent the spatial working memory disruption induced by Δ9-THC administration into the medial prefrontal cortex.
2011 - News ~ “Stoner Stupid” Myth Goes Up In Smoke.
2011 - News ~ Are smart kids more likely to use drugs?
2011 - News ~ High Childhood IQ Linked to Subsequent Illicit Drug Use, Research Suggests.
2011 - News ~ Cannabinoid-1 Receptor Protects The Brain From Aging.
2012 - Study ~ Assessing topographical orientation skills in cannabis users.
2012 - Study ~ Cannabis Responsive Head Injury Induced Mutiple Disabilities: A Case Report.
2012 - Study ~ Fear relief-toward a new conceptual frame work and what endocannabinoids gotta do with it.
2012 - Study ~ Dose-Related Modulation of Event-Related Potentials to Novel and Target Stimuli by Intravenous Δ(9)-THC in Humans.
2012 - Study ~ Subjective, cognitive and cardiovascular dose-effect profile of nabilone and dronabinol in marijuana smokers.
2012 - Study ~ Cannabinoid CB1 receptor deficiency increases contextual fear memory under highly aversive conditions and long-term potentiation in vivo.
2012 - Study ~ Acute cannabinoids impair working memory through astroglial CB1 receptor modulation of hippocampal LTD.
2012 - Study ~ Intelligence quotient in childhood and the risk of illegal drug use in middle-age: the 1958 National Child Development Survey.
2012 - Study ~ Neurocognitive functioning and cannabis use in schizophrenia.
2012 - News ~ Pot smoking not tied to middle-age mental decline.
2012 - News ~ Structured Unlearning: Marijuana May Impair Memory via the Brain's Non-Firing Cells.
2012 - News ~ Michael Pollan: What Do Marijuana and Catnip Have in Common?

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