By Jen Christensen, CNN
CNN chief medical correspondent Dr.
Sanjay Gupta spent a year traveling around the world to shed light on
the debate about marijuana. Catch his groundbreaking documentary "WEED"
at 8 p.m. ET Sunday on CNN.
Dr. Sanjay Gupta is used
to making headlines. The brain surgeon and CNN's chief medical
correspondent can't even leave his office and walk through CNN Center
without tour groups stopping him to take his picture or compliment his
work. But this time the intensity of interest in a story he wrote for
CNN.com about how he changed his mind about the effectiveness of medical marijuana was something even he didn't anticipate.
"The attention has been
pretty intense, and I was a little surprised," Gupta said. "I know it's a
provocative topic, but the science is there to back it up."
More than 330,000 people
shared the story on Facebook, and it started to trend on Twitter. His
column inspired pot jokes as well as thoughtful conversations in
publications around the world.
Gupta: I misled the public about weed
Gupta: Weed can be safer than narcotics
Vanity Fair referred to him as the "Dr. Phil of actual licensed physicians." The Los Angeles Times said it wouldn't go so far as to call him Dr. "Feelgood" but remarked about his change of heart. The Washington gossip site Wonkette
posted a story with the headline, "When you've lost Sanjay Gupta you've
lost America: Sanjay Gupta wants to get 'high' on the pot like a common
jazz criminal." Even the usually sober Washington Post used its piece as a jumping-off point to ask, "Is pot the new gay marriage?" Some polls show more than half of all Americans now support both same-sex marriage and marijuana.
While the majority of Americans may share his opinion, Gupta said the medical community has been a little slower to embrace it.
"I understand there is
concern that if you legalize it, kids will use it recreationally, and I
don't want young people to do that, but our concern for their safety
shouldn't keep patients who need this from getting access," Gupta said.
After his article
appeared Thursday, Gupta said he received calls and e-mails from people
from all walks of life who were grateful he started the conversation.
Doctors, judges,
politicians and clergy got in touch to thank him for speaking up. And of
course, he's had to put up with a lot of pot jokes. But he called it an
important message more people need to hear.
"I guess I've tapped into something that hit at the right time," Gupta said. "That, or it was a really slow news day."
THCeeker: Editor's Note. I watched this show last night with great anticipation. Having indexed cannabis studies for a website, I already was aware of everything Gupta addressed. What made this great was his apology for misleading the public in the past. As a professional he delivered on what most doctors fail to do...the research.
Included in this article I have listed all the research I could muster on the some topics that Gupta covered in the CNN video "WEEDS"
EPILEPSY/ SEIZURES & Cannabis studies completed
Undated - Anecdotal ~ Marijuana and Epilepsy.
1949 - Study ~ Anti-epileptic Action of Marijuana-Active Substances.
1975 - Study - Anticonvulsant nature of marihuana smoking.
1975 - Study ~ Antiepileptic and prophylactic effects of tetrahydrocannabinols in amygdaloid kindled cats.
1975 - Study ~ Anticonvulsant activity of four oxygenated cannabidiol derivatives.
1975 - Study ~ Epileptiform seizures in domestic fowl. V. The anticonvulsant activity of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol.
1976 - Study ~ Anticonvulsant activity of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol compared with three other drugs.
1977 - Study ~ Cannabidiol--antiepileptic drug comparisons and interactions in experimentally induced seizures in rats.
1978 - Study ~ Anticonvulsant Action of Cannabis in the Rat: Role of Brain Monoamines.
1975 - Study ~ Antiepileptic and prophylactic effects of tetrahydrocannabinols in amygdaloid kindled cats.
1975 - Study ~ Anticonvulsant activity of four oxygenated cannabidiol derivatives.
1975 - Study ~ Epileptiform seizures in domestic fowl. V. The anticonvulsant activity of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol.
1976 - Study ~ Anticonvulsant activity of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol compared with three other drugs.
1977 - Study ~ Cannabidiol--antiepileptic drug comparisons and interactions in experimentally induced seizures in rats.
1978 - Study ~ Anticonvulsant Action of Cannabis in the Rat: Role of Brain Monoamines.
1980 - Study - Chronic administration of cannabidiol to healthy volunteers and epileptic patients.
1981 - Study - Hypnotic and Antiepileptic Effects of Cannabidiol.
1981 - Study ~ Antiepileptic potential of cannabidiol analogs.
1981 - Study ~ The cannabinoids as potential antiepileptics.
1982 - Study ~ Anticonvulsant effects of the (-) and (+)isomers of cannabidiol and their dimethylheptyl homologs.
1982 - Study ~ Effects of cannabidiol on behavioral seizures caused by convulsant drugs or current in mice.
1990 - Study ~ ILLICIT DRUG USE AND THE RISK OF NEW-ONSET SEIZURES.
1992 - Study ~ Marijuana use and the risk of new onset seizures.
1999 - Study - Therapeutic Aspects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids.
2001 - Study ~ Anticonvulsant activity of N-palmitoylethanolamide, a putative endocannabinoid, in mice.
2001 - Study ~ Alcohol and marijuana: effects on epilepsy and use by patients with epilepsy.
2003 - Study ~ The Endogenous Cannabinoid System Regulates Seizure Frequency and Duration in a Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.
2003 - Study ~ On the application of cannabis in paediatrics and epileptology.
2003 - Study - Experiences with THC-treatment in children and adolescents.
2003 - Article - Marijuana and Epilepsy.
2003 - News - Marijuana Use More Prevalent With Epilepsy.
2003 - News - Cannabis may help epileptics.
2004 - Study - Endocannabinoids and Their Implications for Epileps.
2004 - Study ~ Cannabinoids: Defending the Epileptic Brain.
2004 - Study ~ Marijuana use and epilepsy - Prevalence in patients of a tertiary care epilepsy center.
2004 - News - Epilepsy patients are smoking pot.
2005 - Study ~ Selective antiepileptic effects of N-palmitoylethanolamide, a putative endocannabinoid.
2005 - Study - Treatment with CBD in oily solution of drug-resistant paediatric epilepsies.
2005 - Study ~ Cannabinoids as potential anti-epileptic drugs.
2006 - Study ~ Not Too Excited? Thank Your Endocannabinoids.
2006 - Study ~ Forebrain-Specific Inactivation of Gq/G11 Family G Proteins Results in Age-Dependent Epilepsy and Impaired Endocannabinoid Formation.
2006 - Study ~ The Endocannabinoid System Controls Key Epileptogenic Circuits in the Hippocampus.
2006 - Study ~ Cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists cause status epilepticus-like activity in the hippocampal neuronal culture model of acquired epilepsy.
2006 - Study ~ Activation of the Cannabinoid Type-1 Receptor Mediates the Anticonvulsant Properties of Cannabinoids in the Hippocampal Neuronal Culture Models of Acquired Epilepsy and Status Epilepticus.
2006 - Study ~ Cannabinoids In Medicine: A Review Of Their Therapeutic Potential.
2006 - Study ~ Arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide, a highly selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist, enhances the anticonvulsant action of valproate in the mouse maximal electroshock-induced seizure model.
2006 - News ~ Brain's Cannabinoid System 'Mellows' Seizures.
2006 - News ~ Brain's cannabinoid system fights seizures.
2007 - Study - Marijuana: an effective antiepileptic treatment in partial epilepsy?
2007 - Study ~ Development of pharmacoresistance to benzodiazepines but not cannabinoids in the hippocampal neuronal culture model of status epilepticus.
2007 - Study ~ Endocannabinoids block status epilepticus in cultured hippocampal neurons.
2007 - Study ~ Downregulation of the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor and Related Molecular Elements of the Endocannabinoid System in Epileptic Human Hippocampus.
2007 - Study ~ Ultra-low dose cannabinoid antagonist AM251 enhances cannabinoid anticonvulsant effects in the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in mice.
2007 - News ~ Rimonabant: safety issues.
2008 - Study ~ The phytocannabinoid Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabivarin modulates inhibitory neurotransmission in the cerebellum.
2008 - Study ~ The cannabinoid anticonvulsant effect on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure is potentiated by ultra-low dose naltrexone in mice.
2009 - Study ~ The effects of intracerebroventricular AM-251, a CB1-receptor antagonist, and ACEA, a CB1-receptor agonist, on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rats.
2009 - Study ~ Prolonged exposure to WIN55,212-2 causes downregulation of the CB1 receptor and the development of tolerance to its anticonvulsant effects in the hippocampal neuronal culture model of acquired epilepsy.
2009 - Study ~ Effect of arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide, a selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist, on the protective action of the various antiepileptic drugs in the mouse maximal electroshock-induced seizure model.
2009 - Study ~ Involvement of nitrergic system in the anticonvulsant effect of the cannabinoid CB(1) agonist ACEA in the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in mice.
2009 - News ~ Medical Marijuana and Epilepsy.
2010 - Study ~ Cannabidiol Displays Antiepileptiform and Antiseizure Properties In Vitro and In Vivo.
2010 - Study ~ Cannabinoid-mediated inhibition of recurrent excitatory circuitry in the dentate gyrus in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy.
2010 - Study ~ AAV vector-mediated overexpression of CB1 cannabinoid receptor in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus protects against seizure-induced excitoxicity.
2010 - Study ~ Delta-Tetrahydrocannabivarin suppresses in vitro epileptiform and in vivo seizure activity in adult rats.
2010 - Study ~ Anticonvulsant effects of GWP42006 in vitro and in vivo in rat.
2010 - Study ~ Dynamic changes of CB1-receptor expression in hippocampi of epileptic mice and humans.
2011 - Study ~ Endocannabinoid system protects against cryptogenic seizures.
2011 - Study ~ Convulsions Associated with the Use of a Synthetic Cannabinoid Product.
2011 - Study ~ Pro-epileptic effects of the cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR141716 in a model of audiogenic epilepsy.
2011 - Study ~ Synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 mesylate enhances the protective action of four classical antiepileptic drugs against maximal electroshock-induced seizures in mice.
2011 - Study ~ Protective effects of CB1 receptor agonist WIN 55.212-2 in seizure activity in the model of temporal lobe epilepsy.
2011 - Study ~ L-Type Calcium Channel Mediates Anticonvulsant Effect of Cannabinoids in Acute and Chronic Murine Models of Seizure.
2011 - Study ~ Changes in the cannabinoid (CB1) receptor expression level and G-protein activation in kainic acid induced seizures.
2011 - Study ~ Marijuana, endocannabinoids, and epilepsy: Potential and challenges for improved therapeutic intervention.
2011 - News ~ Cannabis could help treat epilepsy.
2011 - News ~ Cannabis could be used to treat epilepsy.
2011 - News ~ New research provides hope for those with epilepsy.
2012 - Patent Application ~ Use of the phytocannabinoid cannabidivarin (cbdv) in the treatment of epilepsy: Patent Application 20120004251
2012 - Study ~ Inverse relationship of cannabimimetic (R+)WIN 55, 212 on behavior and seizure threshold during the juvenile period.
2012 - Study ~ Equipotent Inhibition of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase and Monoacylglycerol Lipase - Dual Targets of the Endocannabinoid System to Protect against Seizure Pathology.
2012 - Study ~ Epileptiform activity in the CA1 region of the hippocampus becomes refractory to attenuation by cannabinoids in part because of endogenous γ-aminobutyric acid type B receptor activity.
2012 - Study ~ Cannabidiol for neurodegenerative disorders: important new clinical applications for this phytocannabinoid?
2012 - Study ~ Statistical parametric mapping reveals regional alterations in cannabinoid CB1 receptor distribution and G-protein activation in the 3D reconstructed epileptic rat brain.
2012 - Study ~ Cannabidiol exerts anti-convulsant effects in animal models of temporal lobe and partial seizures.
2012 - Study ~ Internet Highs-Seizures After Consumption of Synthetic Cannabinoids Purchased Online.
2012 - Study ~ Cannabinoid receptor 1 inhibition causes seizures during anesthesia induction in experimental sepsis.
2012 - Study ~ Effect of ACEA-a selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist on the protective action of different antiepileptic drugs in the mouse pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure model.
2012 - Study ~ Hammer Head' 'incense' blamed for seizure of youth in Le Roy.
1981 - Study - Hypnotic and Antiepileptic Effects of Cannabidiol.
1981 - Study ~ Antiepileptic potential of cannabidiol analogs.
1981 - Study ~ The cannabinoids as potential antiepileptics.
1982 - Study ~ Anticonvulsant effects of the (-) and (+)isomers of cannabidiol and their dimethylheptyl homologs.
1982 - Study ~ Effects of cannabidiol on behavioral seizures caused by convulsant drugs or current in mice.
1990 - Study ~ ILLICIT DRUG USE AND THE RISK OF NEW-ONSET SEIZURES.
1992 - Study ~ Marijuana use and the risk of new onset seizures.
1999 - Study - Therapeutic Aspects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids.
2001 - Study ~ Anticonvulsant activity of N-palmitoylethanolamide, a putative endocannabinoid, in mice.
2001 - Study ~ Alcohol and marijuana: effects on epilepsy and use by patients with epilepsy.
2003 - Study ~ The Endogenous Cannabinoid System Regulates Seizure Frequency and Duration in a Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.
2003 - Study ~ On the application of cannabis in paediatrics and epileptology.
2003 - Study - Experiences with THC-treatment in children and adolescents.
2003 - Article - Marijuana and Epilepsy.
2003 - News - Marijuana Use More Prevalent With Epilepsy.
2003 - News - Cannabis may help epileptics.
2004 - Study - Endocannabinoids and Their Implications for Epileps.
2004 - Study ~ Cannabinoids: Defending the Epileptic Brain.
2004 - Study ~ Marijuana use and epilepsy - Prevalence in patients of a tertiary care epilepsy center.
2004 - News - Epilepsy patients are smoking pot.
2005 - Study ~ Selective antiepileptic effects of N-palmitoylethanolamide, a putative endocannabinoid.
2005 - Study - Treatment with CBD in oily solution of drug-resistant paediatric epilepsies.
2005 - Study ~ Cannabinoids as potential anti-epileptic drugs.
2006 - Study ~ Not Too Excited? Thank Your Endocannabinoids.
2006 - Study ~ Forebrain-Specific Inactivation of Gq/G11 Family G Proteins Results in Age-Dependent Epilepsy and Impaired Endocannabinoid Formation.
2006 - Study ~ The Endocannabinoid System Controls Key Epileptogenic Circuits in the Hippocampus.
2006 - Study ~ Cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists cause status epilepticus-like activity in the hippocampal neuronal culture model of acquired epilepsy.
2006 - Study ~ Activation of the Cannabinoid Type-1 Receptor Mediates the Anticonvulsant Properties of Cannabinoids in the Hippocampal Neuronal Culture Models of Acquired Epilepsy and Status Epilepticus.
2006 - Study ~ Cannabinoids In Medicine: A Review Of Their Therapeutic Potential.
2006 - Study ~ Arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide, a highly selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist, enhances the anticonvulsant action of valproate in the mouse maximal electroshock-induced seizure model.
2006 - News ~ Brain's Cannabinoid System 'Mellows' Seizures.
2006 - News ~ Brain's cannabinoid system fights seizures.
2007 - Study - Marijuana: an effective antiepileptic treatment in partial epilepsy?
2007 - Study ~ Development of pharmacoresistance to benzodiazepines but not cannabinoids in the hippocampal neuronal culture model of status epilepticus.
2007 - Study ~ Endocannabinoids block status epilepticus in cultured hippocampal neurons.
2007 - Study ~ Downregulation of the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor and Related Molecular Elements of the Endocannabinoid System in Epileptic Human Hippocampus.
2007 - Study ~ Ultra-low dose cannabinoid antagonist AM251 enhances cannabinoid anticonvulsant effects in the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in mice.
2007 - News ~ Rimonabant: safety issues.
2008 - Study ~ The phytocannabinoid Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabivarin modulates inhibitory neurotransmission in the cerebellum.
2008 - Study ~ The cannabinoid anticonvulsant effect on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure is potentiated by ultra-low dose naltrexone in mice.
2009 - Study ~ The effects of intracerebroventricular AM-251, a CB1-receptor antagonist, and ACEA, a CB1-receptor agonist, on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rats.
2009 - Study ~ Prolonged exposure to WIN55,212-2 causes downregulation of the CB1 receptor and the development of tolerance to its anticonvulsant effects in the hippocampal neuronal culture model of acquired epilepsy.
2009 - Study ~ Effect of arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide, a selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist, on the protective action of the various antiepileptic drugs in the mouse maximal electroshock-induced seizure model.
2009 - Study ~ Involvement of nitrergic system in the anticonvulsant effect of the cannabinoid CB(1) agonist ACEA in the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in mice.
2009 - News ~ Medical Marijuana and Epilepsy.
2010 - Study ~ Cannabidiol Displays Antiepileptiform and Antiseizure Properties In Vitro and In Vivo.
2010 - Study ~ Cannabinoid-mediated inhibition of recurrent excitatory circuitry in the dentate gyrus in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy.
2010 - Study ~ AAV vector-mediated overexpression of CB1 cannabinoid receptor in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus protects against seizure-induced excitoxicity.
2010 - Study ~ Delta-Tetrahydrocannabivarin suppresses in vitro epileptiform and in vivo seizure activity in adult rats.
2010 - Study ~ Anticonvulsant effects of GWP42006 in vitro and in vivo in rat.
2010 - Study ~ Dynamic changes of CB1-receptor expression in hippocampi of epileptic mice and humans.
2011 - Study ~ Endocannabinoid system protects against cryptogenic seizures.
2011 - Study ~ Convulsions Associated with the Use of a Synthetic Cannabinoid Product.
2011 - Study ~ Pro-epileptic effects of the cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR141716 in a model of audiogenic epilepsy.
2011 - Study ~ Synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 mesylate enhances the protective action of four classical antiepileptic drugs against maximal electroshock-induced seizures in mice.
2011 - Study ~ Protective effects of CB1 receptor agonist WIN 55.212-2 in seizure activity in the model of temporal lobe epilepsy.
2011 - Study ~ L-Type Calcium Channel Mediates Anticonvulsant Effect of Cannabinoids in Acute and Chronic Murine Models of Seizure.
2011 - Study ~ Changes in the cannabinoid (CB1) receptor expression level and G-protein activation in kainic acid induced seizures.
2011 - Study ~ Marijuana, endocannabinoids, and epilepsy: Potential and challenges for improved therapeutic intervention.
2011 - News ~ Cannabis could help treat epilepsy.
2011 - News ~ Cannabis could be used to treat epilepsy.
2011 - News ~ New research provides hope for those with epilepsy.
2012 - Patent Application ~ Use of the phytocannabinoid cannabidivarin (cbdv) in the treatment of epilepsy: Patent Application 20120004251
2012 - Study ~ Inverse relationship of cannabimimetic (R+)WIN 55, 212 on behavior and seizure threshold during the juvenile period.
2012 - Study ~ Equipotent Inhibition of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase and Monoacylglycerol Lipase - Dual Targets of the Endocannabinoid System to Protect against Seizure Pathology.
2012 - Study ~ Epileptiform activity in the CA1 region of the hippocampus becomes refractory to attenuation by cannabinoids in part because of endogenous γ-aminobutyric acid type B receptor activity.
2012 - Study ~ Cannabidiol for neurodegenerative disorders: important new clinical applications for this phytocannabinoid?
2012 - Study ~ Statistical parametric mapping reveals regional alterations in cannabinoid CB1 receptor distribution and G-protein activation in the 3D reconstructed epileptic rat brain.
2012 - Study ~ Cannabidiol exerts anti-convulsant effects in animal models of temporal lobe and partial seizures.
2012 - Study ~ Internet Highs-Seizures After Consumption of Synthetic Cannabinoids Purchased Online.
2012 - Study ~ Cannabinoid receptor 1 inhibition causes seizures during anesthesia induction in experimental sepsis.
2012 - Study ~ Effect of ACEA-a selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist on the protective action of different antiepileptic drugs in the mouse pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure model.
2012 - Study ~ Hammer Head' 'incense' blamed for seizure of youth in Le Roy.
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